Romania

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Romania's Information


Capital	Bucharest
Languages	Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
Ethnic Groups	Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Romani 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
Religion	Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)
Government	Semi-presidential republic
Independance	9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized on 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
Area	238,391.00 km²
Water Area	8,500.00 km²
Land Area	229,891.00 km²
Population	21,599,736.00 Urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
Location	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
No. Bordering Countries	5
Bordering Countries	Bulgaria 605 km, Hungary 424 km, Moldova 683 km, Serbia 531 km, Ukraine 601 km
GDP(PPP)	$441,000,000,000.00 (USD)
GDP (Per Capita)	$22,300.00 (USD)
Export Partners	Its major export partners are Germany, Italy, and France.
Export Commodities	Its main exports are machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, and agricultural products.
Import Partners	Its major import partners are Germany, Italy, and Hungary.
Import Commodities	Its major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, and fuels and minerals.
Climate	Ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Terrain	Central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

Where is Romania?

Located in Southeastern Europe, Romania has a 2,844.00 km border with Bulgaria (605 km), Hungary (424 km), Moldova (683 km), Serbia (531 km) and Ukraine (601 km). It has a 225.00 km coastline. Disputes with Ukraine have existed in the past, concerning the Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation.

Bucharest was officially named Romania’s capital city in 1862. Bucharest is located near the Bulgarian border in the southeastern portion of the country, and has a population of over two million residents. Bucharest has a humid continental climate. Bucharest has been given the nickname of "Paris of the East" because of its cultural significance and elegant cityscape.

Geography

Romania has a mean elevation of 414 m above sea level.

It has an incredibly varied climate from subarctic in Siberia, tundra in the north, humid continental in European Russia, and mild along the coast. Its terrain is mountainous, with some rolling hills.

Population

Romania has a population of 21,599,736 making it the 57th largest in the world. The country's population is relatively evenly distributed.

Romanian is the official language. The majority ethnic group is Romanian, followed by Hungarian. The majority of the country is Eastern Orthodox.

A large majority of the inhabitants of Romania speak Romanian, which is the nation’s only official language as established by the 1991 Constitution of Romania. Originating from similar Romance languages as well as Latin and Cyrillic the Romanian alphabet includes 31 letters with three being added as late as 1982. All government, legal, and public education documents are mandated to be printed in Romanian. Common phrases in Romania include “Salut” for a casual greeting and “Mersi” meaning thank you. Besides the Romanian a small minority of the nation’s residents speak a variety of other languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Russian.

Government

Romania is an independent country. It gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. Its constitution was last ratified in 1991.

After a long and repressive political history, modern day Romania now operates under a democratically elected semi-presidential republic system. The country’s head of state, its president, may serve for a maximum period of two terms of five years each. The government is separated into three distinct branches: legislative, judicial, and executive. Parliament conducts the nation’s business in a gigantic structure known as the Palace of the Parliament which not only serves as the seat of government but has also become one of Romania’s most popular tourist destinations.

Economy

Factoring in Purchasing Power Parity, Romania's GDP is $441,000,000,000.00 (USD) with $22,300.00 (USD) per capita. This makes it the 43rd largest economy and its citizens the 78th richest in the world. The currency of Romania is the Leu (RON).

Its major export partners are Germany, Italy, and France. Its main exports are machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, and agricultural products. Its major import partners are Germany, Italy, and Hungary. Its major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, and fuels and minerals.

Flag

Romania’s flag, named the "Tricolorul", is the result of many years of revision with various changes being made over time in order to reflect the rule of various leaders and forms of government which have controlled the nation over the course of its history. Although the exact origin of the modern vertical three band design remains questionable and open to interpretation, most historians point to a well-established ancestral link between the blue, yellow, and red colors and historic Romanian traditions. For a time the flag included a communist symbol in its center but this feature was removed after the 1989 revolution in which the communist reign over Romania came to an end.