Mexico Government

The United States of Mexico has a presidential and a federal type of government with the head of state being the president. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Power in the government of Mexico is divided into three arms of government: the judiciary, executive, and legislature. The government is further divided into 31 free states, each headed by a governor. The states are free and have their own three arms of the government which act independently. The current constitution was established in 1917 and has been amended several times.

The presidential general elections in Mexico are held after every six years. The president is elected for one term of 6 years only. To win the presidential seat, one has to get the majority of the total votes cast. The Congress is made up of two chambers: the chamber of senators (200) and the deputies (300). The latter are elected at the constituency level while the 200 senators are elected by proportional representation. To vie for the presidential seat one must be at least 35 years old, while for the senator’s seat it is 25 and Congressional deputy it is 21.

The Mexican Congress is located in Mexico City. The building is located a mile east of Zocalo central square in Venustiano Carranza district. Saint Lazarus Legislative palace (parliament of Mexico) was built in the 20th century. The official residence of the president of Mexico is Los Pinos. It is located in Bosque de Chapultepec in central Mexico City. The building is made of Neoclassical French Eclectic style.

The parties which dominate the Mexican political scene are the National Action Party, PAN), the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). The parties are characterized by center-right, center-left, and centrist policies, respectively.

This page was last modified on May 1st, 2018

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Published on 2019-11-06


Capital	Mexico City
Languages	Spanish only 92.7%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7%, indigenous only 0.8%, unspecified 0.8%
Ethnic Groups	Mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European)
Religion	Roman Catholic 82.7%, Pentecostal 1.6%, Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, other Evangelical Churches 5%, other 1.9%, none 4.7%, unspecified 2.7% (2010 est.)
Government	Federal presidential republic
Independance	16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)
Area	1,964,375.00 km²
Water Area	20,430.00 km²
Land Area	1,943,945.00 km²
Population	123,166,749.00 Most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City
Location	North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States
No. Bordering Countries	3
Bordering Countries	Belize 276 km, Guatemala 958 km, US 3,155 km
GDP(PPP)	$2,310,000,000,000.00 (USD)
GDP (Per Capita)	$18,900.00 (USD)
Export Partners	Its major export partner is the United States.
Export Commodities	Its main exports are manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, and fruits.
Import Partners	Its major import partners are the United States, China, and Japan.
Import Commodities	Its major imports include metalworking machines, steel mill products, and agricultural machinery.
Climate	Varies from tropical to desert
Terrain	High, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Learn More	Mexico

Mexico Government

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