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On the map shown above, and for that matter on all other maps, the Equator, Prime Meridian, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are imaginary lines.
 Equator: Located at zero degrees latitude (North or South,) is 24,901.55 miles long and divides the Planet Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn: Located at 23.5 degrees North and 23.5 degrees South of the Equator, this area of Planet Earth (between those two lines) is known as the "Tropics," and is indicated with a lighter blue color on the above globe. This area experiences no dramatic change in season because the sun is consistently high in the sky throughout the year.
People living North of the Tropic of Cancer and South of the Tropic of Capricorn experience dramatic seasonal climate changes, based on the earth's tilt, and the subsequent angle of the sun. When it's summer North of the Tropic of Cancer, it's winter South of the Tropic of Capricorn. (The reverse is also true). Prime Meridian: Located at zero degrees longitude (East or West), it divides the Planet Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, and is the line from which all other lines of longitude are measured.
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Countries located on the Equator
Countries located on the Prime Meridian
Map of the Hemispheres
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